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universe is star systems
science and flying saucers,
our mind is expanding music
and consciousness
Mars,Venus, and the Monn
alien bases are there.
A classic set of impressive UFO photos was taken by Mr. and Mrs.
Trent in the early part of the evening, just before sunset, on May 11,
1950, near McMinnville, Oregon. According to the Trent's account
the object, as it appeared over their farm was first seen by Ms. Trent
while she was feeding the farm's rabbits. She then quickly called her
husband who got the family's camera and Mr. Trent then took two
shots from positions only just a few feet apart. The pictures first
appeared in a local newspaper and afterwards in Life magazine.
Seventeen years later the photos were subjected to a detailed
analysis for the University of Colorado UFO Project.William K.
Hartmann, an astronomer from the University of Arizona, performed
a meticulous photometric and photogrammetric investigation of the
original negatives, and set up a scaling system to determine the
approximate distance of the UFO. Hartmann used objects in the
near foreground, such as a house, tree, metal water tank, and
telephone pole, whose images could be compared with that of the
UFO. There were also hills, trees, and buildings in the far distance
whose contrast and details had been obscured by atmospheric
haze.
Hartmann used these known distances of various objects in the
photo to calculate an approximate atmospheric attenuation factor.
He then measured the relative brightnesses of various objects in the
photos, and demonstrated that their distances could generally be
calculated with an accuracy of about +/- 30%. In the most extreme
case, he would be in error by a factor of four. He then wrote:
"It is concluded that by careful consideration of the parameters
involved in the case of recognizable objects in the photographs,
distances can be measured within a factor-four error ... If such good
measure could be made for the UFO, we could distinguish between
a distant extraordinary object and a hypothetical small, close
model."
Hartmann then noted that his photometric measurements indicated
that the UFO was intrinsically brighter than the metallic tank and the
white painted surface of the house, consistent with the Trent's
description that it was a shiny object. Further, the shadowed surface
of the UFO was much brighter than the shadowed region of the
water tank, which was best explained by a distant object being
illuminated by scattered light from the environment.
photographs, distances can be measured within a factor-four error ... If such good measure could be made for the
UFO, we could distinguish between a distant extraordinary object and a hypothetical small, close model."
Hartmann then noted that his photometric measurements indicated that the UFO was intrinsically brighter than the
metallic tank and the white painted surface of the house, consistent with the Trent's description that it was a shiny
object. Further, the shadowed surface of the UFO was much brighter than the shadowed region of the water tank,
which was best explained by a distant object being illuminated by scattered light from the environment.
"it appears significant that the simplest most direct interpretation of the photographs confirms precisely what the
witnesses said they saw"
Hartmann further wrote that "to the extent that the photometric analysis is reliable, (and the measurements appear
to be consistent), the photographs indicate an object with a bright shiny surface at considerable distance and on
the order of tens of meters in diameter. While it would be exaggerating to say that we have positively ruled out a
fabrication, it appears significant that the simplest most direct interpretation of the photographs confirms precisely
what the witnesses said they saw."
In his conclusion, Hartmann reiterated this, stressing that all the factors he had investigated, both photographic and
testimonial, were consistent with the claim that "an extraordinary flying object, silvery, metallic, disc-shaped, tens of
metres in diameter, and evidently artificial, flew within sight of [the] two witnesses."
Controversy - The Skeptics' Case
Not satisfied with Hartmann's findings and totally devoid of any evidence that the UFO was a hoax and hanging from
the wires, UFO debunker Robert Sheaffer argued qualitatively that the haze in the photos (the haze veiled the UFO
and led Hartmann to conclude the UFO was about 1.3 kilometres distant) could be due to a "dirty" camera lens, and
thus the object could still be close to the camera. He further argued that shadows on the garage were strong
evidence for a large time lag between the photos, and alleged that the shadow positions suggested the photos were
taken at 7:30 in the morning rather than in the evening (the image on the left depicts the edge enhancement
technique which, under typical conditions, can reveal the presence of a wire less than a quarter of a millimetre thick
at a distance of up to 3 metres).
Dr. Bruce Maccabee, an optical physicist, analyzed the original negatives and found no support for Sheaffer's time
lag claim. He also repeated Hartmann's calculations in much greater detail, including corrections for lens grease
and obtained about the same results as Hartmann originally did. (One other important aspect of Sheaffer's dirty lens
hypothesis is that it fails to explain why it didn't affect all objects in the photos, and not just the UFO. All the nearby
objects in the photo were all sharp with high contrast, but the objects in the distance such as a barn, a house, trees,
and hills (and the UFO), were of low contrast, exactly as would be expected from absorption and scattering of light.)
Maccabee calculated the UFO to be over 1 kilometre away, and about 30 meters in diameter and 4 meters thick.
Regarding the alleged reported time the photos were taken which, according to Sheaffer, would be inconsistent with
the position of the shadows on the photos, Maccabee discovered that the garage shadows could only have been
caused by a diffuse light source, rebutting Sheaffer's argument. Maccabee suggested that a bright cloud illuminated
by the evening sun could possibly have caused them. Moreover, neither Sheaffer nor Klass has provided a
plausible cause as to why the Trents would have lied about this, especially since it is immaterial to analysis of the
UFO's distance.
Repeaters
In his book "UFOs Explained," Klass argued that the Trents were "repeaters," citing a story published in the Portland
Oregonian June 10 in which Mrs. trent is quoted as saying to reporter Lou Gillette that "she had seen similar objects
on the coast three different times but no one would believe me." Klass further quotes from a newspaper article
written about 17 years later, in which she is quoted as saying "We've seen quite a few since then but we didn't get
any pictures, they disappeared too fast."
Klass indictment of "repeater" is based solely on Mrs. Trent's claims as reported in the paper. Assuming the account
is accurate, an important detail however, is that Mr. Trent apparently did notagree with his wife. For reasons we can
only guess, Klass did not include in his book Mr. Trent's response to the following question (story in the June 11,
1950 L.A. Examiner):
"why [did you wait] so long before telling anyone about [the photos]. Trent admitted he was 'kinda scared of it.' He
said: 'You know, you hear so much about those things... I didn't believe all that talk about flying saucers before, but
now have an idea the Army knows what they are."
This suggests that Mr. Trent had not seen any UFOs before and was skeptical about flying saucers (hence his
wife's claim that "no one would believe me") ... until he saw one himself. One get's into a logical muddle here. If, as
Klass believes, there are no saucers and therefore the Trents couldn't have seen one, then Mrs. Trent must have
been lying when she said she saw several previously. On the other hand, Mr. Trent was telling the truth about his
skepticism, although he could well have supported his wife's claim by saying that he too had seen several even if he
really didn't believe they existed. After all, if its a hoax, he could say anything to support the hoax story. One way to
get out of this muddle is to assume that they both told the truth regarding previous sightings (Mrs. Trent had
several, Mr. Trent had none and didn't believe in saucers). Of course, Mrs. Trent previous sightings certainly could
have been honest misidentifications... and if this were so then she wasn't really "a repeater" unless you classify a
person who repeatedly and honestly misidentifies objects as "a repeater" [Maccabee op. cit., private
communication]. By Brian Zeiler
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